Diabetes Complications and Contributing Factors: Findings from an Electronic Survey on Clinical, Behavioural, Psychological, and Management Aspects

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common and complex chronic diseases, requiring continuous management to prevent serious complications that affect the patient's quality of life. The research problem lies in the gap between drug therapy and the patient's daily behaviors and psychological state. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications (cardiac, ophthalmic, and neurological) and their relationship to laboratory indicators, health behaviors, and psychological disorders such as depression. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. We used an electronic questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 100 diabetic patients attending various hospitals. The study focused on collecting demographic data, laboratory indicators (HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), and assessing dietary habits, physical activity, and the patients' psychological state through a set of questions. We then statistically analysed the data to assess correlations among these variables. Results: The age group most affected was 50-69 years, accounting for 68% of participants. Clinical data revealed poor glycemic control, with approximately 83% of patients having HbA1c levels above 6.5%. Elevated triglyceride levels were also observed in 60% of the sample. Behavioral questionnaires revealed that 53% of participants did not undergo regular checkups, and obesity was prevalent, with 48.9% of participants having a body mass index (BMI) over 30. A notable finding was the strong correlation between psychological state and disease management, with 46% of participants experiencing depressive symptoms, which negatively impacted their treatment adherence. Cardiovascular (40%) and vascular (38.5%) complications were the most common among the sample. Conclusion: Our study revealed that diabetic complications are not solely linked to poor clinical control of blood sugar and lipid levels, but are significantly impacted by neglecting psychological aspects and the absence of a culture of regular follow-up. Therefore, based on our research, we recommend integrating psychological support as a fundamental component of the treatment plan for diabetic patients, and we emphasise the importance of health education on self-monitoring and adherence to dietary guidelines to minimise the health burden of advanced complications.