Biomimetic Synthesis and Phytochemical Analysis of Lodopyridone: Insights into 4-Pyridone Derivatives and Thiopeptide Antibiotics

Abstract

 This study explores the total biomimetic synthesis of lodopyridone, a rare 4-pyridone compound, and investigates the phytochemical properties of Lycopodiella cernua and Nitraria retusa. Despite the limited presence of naturally occurring 4- pyridones, a classification of 16 compounds is provided, highlighting their structural diversity and biosynthetic pathways. The work emphasizes the significance of thiopeptide antibiotics, showcasing their complex structures and antibiotic activities, which share biosynthetic similarities with lodopyridone. Proposed biosynthetic hypotheses suggest that lodopyridone may derive from a peptide precursor involving key amino acids such as glycine, cysteine, and modified tryptophan. Various synthetic methodologies, including palladocatalyzed couplings and innovative strategies for constructing nitrogenous heterocycles, are discussed in the context of thiopeptides. The findings aim to enhance understanding of lodopyridone's biosynthesis and facilitate its synthesis through biomimetic approaches, contributing valuable insights to pharmaceutical chemistry and the development of natural product-based therapeutics.