Role of Paclobutrazol on Root Stem and Leaf Inner Structure of Arabidopsis Thaliana L.0 Grown Under Different Light Intensities
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant growth and development. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is one of the members of Triazole compounds that possess the qualities of growth regulators. The study aimed to investigate the possible changes in anatomical structures of the root, stem, and leaf of A. thaliana grown under different light intensities and the role of pbz in these circumstances. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaves of A. thaliana col.0 were measured after treating its seedlings at two weeks of age with Hock land's solution at different light intensities (3000, 6000, 9000, 12000 Lux) for four weeks. The results showed changes in anatomical characteristics due to light stress represented by a significant moral decrease in the diameter of the root, vascular cylinder, and thickness of the epidermis and cortex. It also led to a reduction in the width of the stem, the thickness of the xylem, and an increase in the thickness of the epidermis and phloem. Light stress caused a significant decrease in leaf thickness and the ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness. They addition the growth regulator PBZ causes a substantial increase in all of the anatomical characteristics of the stem, root, and leaves.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Yang F; Feng L; Liu Q; Wu X; Fan Y; Raza MA et al. Effect of interactions between light intensity and red-to-far-red ratio on the photosynthesis of soybean leaves under shade condition. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2018, 150, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.03.008
Zhu H; Li X; Zhai, W; Liu Y; Gao Q; Liu J, et al (2017). Effects of low light on photosynthetic properties, antioxidant enzyme activity, and anthocyanin accumulation in purple pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis Makino). PLoS ONE12 (6) : 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179305
Lichtenthaler, H, Burkart, S. (1999). Photosynthesis and high stress. Bulgarian J. of Plant Physiology, 25(3-4):3-16.
Boyang J, Tushar K; Amirita S; Sagar D, Khare T (2019). Light Stress Responses and Prospects for Engineering Light Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. J. of Plant Growth Regulation, 38:1489 – 1506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09951-8
Fletcher RA, Gilley A, Davis, TD, Sankhla N (2000). Triazoles as plant growth regulators and stress protectants. Horticultural Review, 24, 55- 138. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650776.ch3
Hajihashemi S, Kiarostami K. Effects of paclobutrazol and salt stress on growth and ionic contents in two cultivars of wheat. Pak J Biol Sci. 2007 Jan 1;10(1):41-8. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.41.48
Jaleel CA, P. Manivannan, B. Sankar, A. Kishorekumar, S. Sankari, R. Panneerselvam, 2007. Paclobutrazol enhances photosynthesis and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus. Process Biochemistry 42 (2007):1566–1570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.08.006
Kircher S, Schopfer P (2012). Photosynthetic sucrose acts as cotyledon-derived long-distance signal to control root growth during early seedling development in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 11217–11221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1203746109
Yokawa K, Kagenishi T, Kawano T, Mancuso S, Baluška F (2011). Illumination of Arabidopsis roots induces immediate burst of ROS production. Plant Signal. Behav. 6, 1460–1464 https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.10.18165
Bhalerao RP, Eklöf J, Ljung K, Marchant A, Bennett M, Sandberg G (2002). Shoot-derived auxin is essential for early lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant J. 29, 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01217.x
Salisbury FJ, Hall A, Grierson CS, Halliday KJ (2007). Phytochrome coordinates Arabidopsis shoot and root development. Plant J. 50, 429–438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03059.x
Swarup K, Benková E, Swarup R, Casimiro I, Péret B, Yang Y, et al (2008). The auxin influx carrier LAX3 promotes lateral root emergence. Nat. Cell Biol. 10,946–954. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1754
Abdalla N; Taha N; Bayoumi Y; El-Ramady H; Shalaby TA. Paclobutrazol applications in agriculture, plant tissue cultures and its potential as stress ameliorant, A Mini-Review. Environ. Biodivers. Soil Secur. 2021, 5, 245–257. https://doi.org/10.21608/jenvbs.2021.95536.1143
Detpitthayanan S; Romyanon K; Songnuan W; Metam M; Pichakum A. Paclobutrazol Application Improves Grain 2AP Content of Thai Jasmine Rice KDML105 under Low-Salinity Conditions. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 2019, 22, 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-007-0025-6
Jaleel CA; Gopi R; Manivannan P; Panneerselvam R. Responses of antioxidant defense system of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. to paclobutrazol treatment under salinity. Acta Physiol. Plant. 2007, 29, 205–209.
Waqas M; Yaning C; Iqbal H; Shareef M; Rehman H; Yang Y. Paclobutrazol improves salt tolerance in quinoa, Beyond the stomatal and biochemical interventions. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2017, 203, 315–322 https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12217
Gao Z; Khalid M; Jan F; Rahman SU; Jiang X; Yu X. Effects of light-regulation and intensity on the growth, physiological and biochemical properties of Aralia elata (Miq.) seedlings. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2019, 121, 456–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.12.008
Wu YS; Gong WZ; Yang F; Wang XC; Yong TW; Yang WY. Responses to shade and subsequent recovery of soybean in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. Plant Prod. Sci. 2016, 19, 206–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2015.1128095
Tsegaw T; Hammes S; Robbertse J. Paclobutrazol-induced leaf, stem and root anatomical modification in potato. Hortscience 2005, 40, 1343–1346. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1343
Tekalign T; Hammes P. Growth and biomass production in potato grown in the hot tropics as influenced by paclobutrazol. Plant Growth Regul. 2005, 45, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-004-6443-1
Fan Y, Chen J, Cheng Y, Raza MA, Wu X, Wang Z, et al. (2018). Effect of shading and light recovery on the growth, leaf structure, and photosynthetic performance of soybean in a maize-soybean relay-strip intercropping system. PLoS ONE 13:e0198159. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198159
Wu Y, Gong W, Yang W (2017). Shade inhibits leaf size by controlling cell proliferation and enlargement in soybean. Sci. Rep. 7:9259. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10026-5
Kalve S, Fotschki J, Beeckman T, Vissenberg K, Beemster GT (2014). Three-dimensional patterns of cell division and expansion throughout the development of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 65, 6385–6397. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru358
Terashima I, Hanba YT, Tazoe Y, Vyas,P, Yano S (2006). Irradiance and phenotype: comparative eco-development of sun and shade leaves in relation to photosynthetic CO2 diffusion. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj014
Qin YZ, Xing Z, Zou JF, He CZ, Li YL, Xiong XY (2014). Effects of sustained weak light on seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics of potato seedlings. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 47:537-545.
Yao XY, Liu XY, Xu ZG, Jiao XL (2017). Effects of light intensity on leaf microstructure and growth of rape seedlings cultivated under a combination of red and blue LEDs. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 16:97-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61393-X
Taiz L, Zeiger E (2003). Plant physiology. 3rd edn. Annals of Botany. 91:750-751 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg079
Pereira FJ, Castro EM, Oliveira C, Pires MF, Pasqual M, 2011. Mecanismos anatômicos e fisiológicos de plantas de aguapé para a tolerância à contaminação por Arsênio. Planta Daninha, 29;2:259-267.
Tari, (2003) . Abaxidal and Adaxial stomatal density, stomatal conductances and water status of Bean primary leaves as Affected by paclobutrazol, Bio, plantarum. 47;215-220. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022254.63487.16
Berova M, Zlatev Z. Physiological response and yield of paclobutrazol treated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plant Growth Regul. 2000, 30, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006300326975
Yadav, A., Solanki, D., Sharma, G., Dubey, Dr. G., & Sankhla, Dr. I. S. S. (2022). Phenotypic and Biochemical Characterization of Rhizobia Associated with Medicagopolymorpha Growing in Rajasthan. In Indian Journal of Advanced Botany (Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 5–11). https://doi.org/10.54105/ijab.b2012.102222
Saranya, J., & Thenmozhi, Dr. N. (2020). Real Time CHIS Model for Efficient Sugarcane Plant Growth and Yield Estimation Model using Satellite Images. In International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 3101–3108). https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f8454.038620
Kogilavani, S. V., & Malliga, S. (2019). Deep Learning based Model for Plant Disease Detection. In International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 12, pp. 3416–3420). https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l2585.1081219