Indian Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism (IJMCJ)
type: channel
description: The Indian Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism (IJMCJ) has ISSN 2583-0651 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical quarterly international journal, which is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in March, June, September and December. Authors can electronically submit articles throughout the year using the Article Submission System. Authors can format their article either in (i) a single-column format or (ii) as per the journal template. The submitted articles should not have been previously published or are currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The journal does not accept brief or short notes for publication. The editors retain the right to reject any articles that lack quality or originality without sending them for review. All articles must fall within the journal’s scope and will undergo a double-anonymized peer-review process. Authors must confirm that they have read and understood the content of their submitted article and ensure that it meets acceptable English grammar and usage standards. To help with the proofreading process, authors can use tools like Grammarly or similar applications. As an open-access journal, authors must pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to publish their articles and retain copyright. Additionally, authors should familiarise themselves with the editorial and publishing policies of the journal.
publisher: Lattice Science Publication (LSP)
language: en
publication name: Indian Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism (IJMCJ)
issn: 2583-0651
copyright: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0
items: Memes and Engagement: The Role That Memes Can Play in Providing Engaging Narratives Over Mainstream Media
items: Opportunities for Reviewing the Media Authority Act 2013 on Press Freedom in South Sudan
items: Illustration of the Female Cast in Indian Web Series - with Special Reference to MAI and Dabba Cartel
items: Reading the Future in the News: How Headlines Framed Political Polarisation in Tanzania’s 2020 Elections
items: Impact of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Impulse Buying Behaviour of Online Consumers
items: Examining the Impact of Sustainable Branding on Consumer Behaviour through Digital Platforms
items: Bail, not Jail or Jail, not Bail: The Bail Dilemma Under the Uapa, 1967- Umar Khalid V. State of National Capital Territory of Delhi
items: Next-Generation Media Technologies and the Redefinition of Journalistic Ethics
items: From Print to Digital: Technological Transformation in Printing and E-Book Readership in Bengaluru
items: The Quandary of Being a Male Nurse in India
items: Knowledge and Use of Drone Technology Among Television Stations in Nigeria
items: Surviving the Print Crisis: Operational Struggle Facing Tanzania Newspapers
items: Corporate Social Responsibility by Kagera Sugar Limited: Missenyi Sugarcane Growers Reflection
items: Audience Satisfaction Obtained from Listening to Religious Broadcasts of Radio Maria Tanzania
items: Knowledge and Utilisation of the Freedom of Information Act Among Journalists in North-Central, Nigeria
items: Shifting News Habits: A Content Analysis of Digital News Consumption in India and Beyond
items: Implementing Effective Communication Processes: Vital in Leading to Progression of Individuals
items: Strategic Shifts and Narrative Engineering: The Role of Political Strategists in Shaping Public Opinion in Murshidabad, West Bengal
items: Communication Gap: Impediment within the Course of Forming an Effective Social Circle
items: Communication for SDG 3: An Analysis of Strategies and Campaigns of Developmental Agencies in Jharkhand
items: Revisiting a Controversial Cartoon: Aseem Trivedi’s ‘Wolf Capital’
items: Cybercrime en Masse in the Digital India: A Case Study
items: Deconstructing Gender Stereotypes in Media: The Transformative Power of Media Literacy
items: The Stakeholders’ Views on the Media Authority Act 2013 on Freedom of Expression in South Sudan
items: Imagining the Invisible: Menstrual Representations in Indian Television Advertising
items: Judicial Discretion and the Death Penalty: Revisiting Bachan Singh in the Context of India and the U.S.
items: Evaluating the Impact of Fake News on Intolerance Among Socio-Economic Classes 3 & 4
items: Echo Chambers and Polarization: The Role of Social Networks in Shaping Beliefs in India
items: Role of ‘Unexplored Bastar’ in Strengthening the Socioeconomic Status of Tribal Communities: A Case Study Approach
items: Framing of Environmental News through Constructive Journalism in the Indian Context

Memes and Engagement: The Role That Memes Can Play in Providing Engaging Narratives Over Mainstream Media
type: item
description: The paper aims to understand how memes can create engaging narratives over mainstream media. Memes are playing a major role in the social media strategies of political movements, businesses and sportspeople. While memes may not be considered a viable source of factual information, they can humorously present ideas to an increasingly distracted generation. Thematic (identifying patterns) and semiotic (memes being the sign) analysis are often used to derive meaning. In this paper, the main focus will be on thematic analysis. For the study, eleven memes on various political issues were identified and included in a survey with open-ended questions. The results found varying answers on the different issues, but memes related to taxation policy and national defence (Operation Sindoor) were the most easily identifiable.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Memes
  topic: keywords
subject: Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Mainstream Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Themes
  topic: keywords
subject: Interpretation
  topic: keywords
creator: Rudranshu Sengupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rudranshu Sengupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 48
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1179.05040626

Opportunities for Reviewing the Media Authority Act 2013 on Press Freedom in South Sudan
type: item
description: This article examines the impact of the 2013 Media Authority Act in South Sudan and its relationship to press freedom and freedom of expression, which are enshrined in international instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. However, the principle is not practised equally by all states. The Media Authority Act, established in South Sudan to regulate the media and ensure media freedom, is marred by many issues, making it ineffective, including censorship of the media, harassment and intimidation of journalists, arrest without cause, and impunity for those who violate the rights of media professionals. Ongoing political instability and unrest in the country have silenced public debate. The study focuses on the impact of the Media Authority Act on media freedom in South Sudan. It proposes solutions to improve the situation, i.e., a critical analysis of the Act and the views of different stakeholders on how the law can be made to comply with the human rights norms of other countries and to address wider socio-political issues that inhibit the full realisation of freedom of the press in South Sudan. The study contributes to discussions on the media's place in democratic governance and the observance of human rights in South Sudan. It offers policy prescriptions to strengthen the legal framework for press freedom, develop a free press, and strengthen the fundamentals of democracy in South Sudan. Lastly, the study emphasises the need to address broader socio-political issues that hinder the full freedom of the press in South Sudan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media Authority Act of South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Rights in South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Press Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom of Expression
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Gai Peter Manyuon
creator: Dr. Darius Mukiza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Gai Peter Manyuon, Dr. Darius Mukiza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 40
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1175.05040626

Illustration of the Female Cast in Indian Web Series - with Special Reference to MAI and Dabba Cartel
type: item
description: With the increased accessibility of smartphones and high-speed 4G and 5G internet networks in almost all places in India, the content consumption has seen massive progress, and so is the concept of binge-watching content at one’s suitable time and place, without any disturbance from frequent ads. This has led to increased demand for various content genres, with the audience producing and consuming content alike. A significant change is observed in the depiction of female actresses, with strong, progressive, and intricate storylines that have received critical acclaim from women audiences and are acting as a counterincentive to leave a positive impact on society in general. This study has opted for a qualitative discourse analysis of the two Netflix series, and it has been found that, although Bollywood has done a commendable job of showcasing the nuances of each character, it has still failed to create something completely free of gender bias and stereotypes. With the expansion of digital spaces (the pandemic acting as a catalyst as the whole world came to a standstill), creative freedom was made available to women, thereby increasing the scope of experimentation with women's roles. This led to empowerment in the roles assigned to women. For this study, two web series have been selected for analysis of their female characters. While one has shown compelling, layered narratives, the other has depicted something called “controlled representation,” in which typical gender norms were needled between the agency and resilience of the female characters. There is not an iota of doubt that the women protagonists play strong, progressive roles. However, it is still in an evolving stage, as there is still a long way to go toward full inclusivity in women's representation, free of gender stereotypes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agency
  topic: keywords
subject: Female-driven
  topic: keywords
subject: Nuanced
  topic: keywords
subject: Nemesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Priyanjali Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Priyanjali Das (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 30
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1174.05040626

Reading the Future in the News: How Headlines Framed Political Polarisation in Tanzania’s 2020 Elections
type: item
description: Tanzania has conducted seven general elections since the reintroduction of multiparty politics in 1992, the first in 1995 and the last in 2025, held every five years as provided in the 1997 constitution. The 2025 general elections witnessed unprecedented large-scale protests. These events marked a sharp departure from Tanzania’s long-held image as one of the most politically stable and peaceful countries in Africa. Popularly referred to as MO29 (Maandamano ya Oktoba 29/ October 29th protests), the events were not coincidences but manifestations of previously unresolved electoral political issues. Since the reintroduction of multiparty politics in Tanzania, each election has been reported to fall short of being a ‘free, fair and competitive’ process. This study, using a mixed methods design, applies a framing analysis of headlines in three leading national newspapers, Habari Leo, Mwananchi, and Nipashe, to examine how electoral narratives in the 2020 General Elections news hinted at political realities facing Tanzania. The study advancestwo central arguments: first, that the unrest during the 2025 general elections was closely connected to previously unresolved election grievances and, second, that political polarisation in Tanzania has intensified to its highest level since the reintroduction of multiparty politics and is on the rise. The 2020 General Elections news reported expressions of electoral grievances from especially opposition political parties, with headlines filled with polarising discourses. This news framing explains the subsequent realities of Tanzania’s electoral politics witnessed during the 2025 general elections. The analysed headlines defined Tanzanian society as politically polarised, a reality that Tanzania must reckon with to survive future electionrelated complications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: News Framing
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Polarisation
  topic: keywords
subject: General Elections
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel Ngabo
creator: Dr. Dotto Paul Kuhenga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Emmanuel Ngabo, Dr. Dotto Paul Kuhenga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 24
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1173.05040626

Impact of Social Media Influencer Marketing on Impulse Buying Behaviour of Online Consumers
type: item
description: The phenomenal growth of social media has given birth to an entirely new form of marketing communication, one where everyday individual with large online followings wields considerable power over the purchase decisions of their audiences. This study examines the impact of social media influencer marketing on the impulse buying behaviour of online consumers in the Indian digital marketplace. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 110 active social media users who engage with influencer content, the research employs percentage analysis, chi-square tests, and Spearman's correlation to analyse the data. The findings indicate that influencer credibility, content relatability, frequency of sponsored posts, and the perceived authenticity of endorsements are the primary drivers of unplanned purchase decisions among digital consumers. The study reveals that a substantial proportion of respondents have made impulsive online purchases within minutes or hours of viewing influencer content, particularly short-form video endorsements on Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts. The chisquare analysis establishes a statistically significant association between the type of influencer followed and the frequency of impulse purchases. In contrast, the correlation analysis confirms a strong positive relationship between influencer trust and unplanned buying behaviour. The research concludes that, when executed with authenticity and strategic intent, influencer marketing is a powerful catalyst for impulse purchases in the digital consumer landscape. Recommendations are offered to brands, content creators, and platform administrators for designing ethical and effective influencer-led campaigns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Influencer Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Impulse Buying Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase Intention
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. S. Akhila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. S. Akhila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 13
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1171.05040626

Examining the Impact of Sustainable Branding on Consumer Behaviour through Digital Platforms
type: item
description: In this digital era, digital marketing and information systems can prove to be a vital tool in driving sustainable behaviour among consumers. This research paper aims to explore how sustainable branding in the digital era is very important in shaping and influencing consumers. With an ample number of brands growing and flourishing each day, the market scenario has become grim in the context of environmental concerns. The research work has employed a quantitative approach utilising the survey method. A questionnaire was administered to 106 respondents. The findings of this research work focus on the need for authenticity, social responsibility and transparency. This study also contributes to understanding strategies that are practical for brands to adopt in the highly competitive digital marketplace while embracing sustainable development. The findings also reveal how an organisation, through strategic planning and digital marketing, with the support of vast information systems and huge social networks, can embrace sustainable communication. With the help of digital marketing, information systems organisations can communicate sustainability very efficiently by incorporating engaging content, using social media platforms, and investing in digital marketing tools. Furthermore, researchers can incorporate these findings to study the broader impact of robust information systems on the intricate relationship that lies between sustainable consumer behaviour and digital marketing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Branding
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Networks
  topic: keywords
creator: Susmita Datta
creator: Dr. Manali Bhattacharya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Susmita Datta, Dr. Manali Bhattacharya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1172.05040626

Bail, not Jail or Jail, not Bail: The Bail Dilemma Under the Uapa, 1967- Umar Khalid V. State of National Capital Territory of Delhi
type: item
description: The conflict of law arising out of the case of Umar Khalid v. State (NCT of Delhi), booked under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, is a unique case where the principles of state security, free speech and expression, preventive detention, and the right to liberty clash with each other and presents us with an opportunity to clarify the laws dealing with terrorism. Instead of examining the guilt or innocence of Dr Umar Khalid, this paper analyses the legal framework governing extended pre-trial incarceration under special statutes such as the UAPA, especially Section 43D (5), and how it deviates from general bail jurisprudence. The study traces the trajectory of “prima facie true” standards through the ruling in NIA v. Zahoor Ahmad Shah Watali. It examines how this threshold undermines the presumption of innocence at the bail stage. By examining the Umar Khalid case, the paper interrogates whether indefinite incarceration without trial commencement remains acceptable under the Indian Constitution. art. 21, and if yes, then to what extent, especially when the delay is systemic instead of attributable. Comparison with analogous laws of the U.K., U.S., and Canada is drawn to demonstrate that, while preventive detention is recognised and accepted internationally as a counterterrorism measure, it is typically accompanied by strict temporal and procedural limitations, continuous judicial review, and enforceable safeguards against arbitrariness, if any. This paper illustrates the challenging task of harmonising legislative precaution with constitutional liberty and preventive measures with procedural fairness, as the legitimacy of a national security law depends not only on its potential to prevent terror or harm but also on its ability to operate within a framework that ensures liberty is not compromised indefinitely.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act
  topic: keywords
subject: Bail Jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: Article 21
  topic: keywords
subject: Prima Facie True Standard
  topic: keywords
subject: National Security
  topic: keywords
creator: Dhruv Partap Jangra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dhruv Partap Jangra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 43
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1169.05030326

Next-Generation Media Technologies and the Redefinition of Journalistic Ethics
type: item
description: The accelerated pace of the emergence of the new generation computing models, such as “quantum computing, bioinspired computing, and neuromorphic computing,” is radically transforming the underlying technology for contemporary media systems. The growing reliance of journalism on advanced computational intelligence in news gathering, content generation, audience analytics, and fact-checking raises unprecedented ethical questions about established traditions and values. This paper investigates how quantum-enabled data processing, bioinspired algorithmic decision-making processes, and neuronalinspired neuromorphic systems are reconfiguring the established ethics in journalism, including accuracy, accountably, transparency, autonomy, privacy, and editorial responsibility. Quantum Computing: With enhanced data analysis capabilities and breakthroughs in cryptography, there arise challenges regarding the confidentiality of information sources, surveillance, and imbalances in information power. Bio-inspired Computing: These systems, based on evolutionary and collective phenomena in living organisms, affect content curation, virality, and audience engagement, thereby altering journalistic gatekeeping and perpetuating problems associated with potential algorithmic biases and information manipulation. Neuromorphic Computing: These computer systems, which model the workings of the human brain, have further blurred the distinction between human judgment and autonomous operation, raising concerns about moral agency, empathy, and accountability in automated journalism. By integrating insights from media ethics, communication theory, and computational intelligence, this article advances an expanded ethical frame for journalism in the cognitive machine era. The paper argues that traditional normative models are ill-suited to address the ethical challenges posed by nonlinear, adaptive, and probabilistic computing systems. It concludes by emphasising the need for interdisciplinary eth…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quantum Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio-Inspired Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuromorphic Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalism Ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Journalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Media Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Md Rashid Iqubal Siddique
creator: Dr. Sapan Kumar Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Md Rashid Iqubal Siddique, Dr. Sapan Kumar Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 35
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1166.05030326

From Print to Digital: Technological Transformation in Printing and E-Book Readership in Bengaluru
type: item
description: Printing began around 3000 BCE, with the protoElamite and Sumerian civilisations using cylinder seals to authenticate clay tablets. The seal blocks followed them, hammered coins, pottery imprints, and fabric printing. In the 13th century, metal type characters were developed in China, Japan, and Korea. These printing systems provided the basis for advanced techniques. Johannes Gutenberg invented the Gutenberg printing press, which enabled faster, more efficient book production. The Gutenberg printing press enabled the mass production of printed materials. The offset press for metal printing was created by Robert Barclay in 1875. In 1904, Ira Washington Rubel applied the technology to paper, which relied on a basic chemical reaction that separates oil and water. The evolution of printing technology in books reached its peak with digitalisation, making the 21st century a significant period. In this context, the present research aims to examine the digital revolution in books from the 20th century to the 21st century. Its impact and implications on eBook readers in Bengaluru are also considered. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Using the quantitative research method, a structured questionnaire was administered to 256 eBook readers in Bengaluru. Under the qualitative approach, a content analysis has been undertaken to examine the printing revolution from antiquity to the modern era. The study considers various news articles, research papers and books for the content analysis. As a developing country for 75 years, India has ambitious plans to become a developed country by 2047. So, knowing the status of e-books and their impact on readers is vital.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Evolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Printing Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Era
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Revolution
  topic: keywords
subject: eBooks
  topic: keywords
subject: Readers
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashwatha Narayana S L
creator: Dr. Rajeshwari R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ashwatha Narayana S L, Dr. Rajeshwari R. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 25
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1164.05030326

The Quandary of Being a Male Nurse in India
type: item
description: This paper critically examines the gendered dynamics of the nursing profession in India, focusing on the systemic under-representation of male nurses. Despite India’s acute shortage of healthcare workers—exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic—the nursing sector remains overwhelmingly feminised. This study interrogates the historical, sociocultural, and institutional factors that perpetuate the stigmatisation of male nurses, situating the analysis within feminist scholarship and labour market theories. Through a review of historical narratives, the paper traces how colonial and post-colonial discourses framed nursing as a “feminine” vocation, rooted in patriarchal norms and caste-based hierarchies. The analysis reveals how gendered stereotypes reinforced by media, policy, and societal expectations discourage male participation, despite the profession’s critical role in public health. Institutional barriers, such as gender-based quotas and wage disparities, further entrench these inequalities, while cultural perceptions associate nursing with failure or demasculinisation. The study also explores the lived experiences of male nurses, highlighting their struggles with stigma, workplace discrimination, and societal pressure to conform to hegemonic masculinity. By synthesising theoretical insights with empirical observations, this paper advocates for a reimagined understanding of care work, one that dismantles gendered hierarchies and promotes equitable participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feminisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Masculinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Labour
  topic: keywords
subject: Male Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Stigmatisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Societal Norms
  topic: keywords
creator: Rupankar Dey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rupankar Dey (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 20
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.A1210.05030326

Knowledge and Use of Drone Technology Among Television Stations in Nigeria
type: item
description: The 21st century has ushered in technological advancements, with drones used for news gathering by television stations worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and use of drone technology for news gathering among television stations in Abuja, Nigeria. The study used an interview method, in which 10 journalists from NTA NEWS24 and AIT stations were interviewed to obtain results. The study was anchored in the Technology Acceptance Model, which showed the usefulness of gathering information from dangerous scenes using drones and the ease of remotely piloting the aircraft from a safe location to cover certain events without being harmed. Findings from the interview revealed that the camera operators at both television stations were the most knowledgeable among newsroom journalists in using drones, as they were adequately trained. Findings also showed that newsworthy events that used drones for coverage included natural disasters such as floods, sporting events, and protests. The study concluded that NTA NEWS24 and AIT stations have fully incorporated drones into their news gathering. Therefore, it was recommended that television stations should go beyond training only camera operators to utilise drones and also train reporters, in line with television stations worldwide
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Drone
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Television
  topic: keywords
subject: Journalists
  topic: keywords
creator: Terwanger Daniel Aliough
creator: Kaior Samuel Akpede
creator: Josiah Sabo Kente
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Terwanger Daniel Aliough, Kaior Samuel Akpede, Josiah Sabo Kente (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1157.05030326

Surviving the Print Crisis: Operational Struggle Facing Tanzania Newspapers
type: item
description: This study examined the operational challenges faced by print media in Tanzania, with a focus on the Mwananchi and Habari Leo newspapers. The theories of Technological Determinism and Gatekeeping guided it. The study employed a qualitative, case-study design; data were collected through interviews with 29 media professionals, two focus groups, and 70 questionnaires completed by media staff, vendors, readers, and industry experts. The data were thematically analyzed, and the results identified five significant challenges facing print media operation in Tanzania, including: declining journalism quality due to staff layoffs and rushed stories; digital disruption leading to changing consumer behaviour from print to digital; financial constraints caused by decreased circulation, sales, and advertising revenue; an unfriendly media legal framework; and political and business pressures. The study recommends adopting digital technology to improve journalistic standards, increase flexibility, and attract digital consumers. It also advocates for a comprehensive policy review to promote a free, competitive, and sustainable media sector. Specifically, it urges the government to revise restrictive media laws to support the survival, independence, and growth of Tanzania’s print media, striking a balance between technological advancements and robust protections for press freedom while maintaining the quality and standards of published news and information.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological Determinism
  topic: keywords
subject: Gatekeeping
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Disruption
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzanian Print Media
  topic: keywords
creator: Frank Elias Sanga
creator: Dr. Darius Mukiza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Frank Elias Sanga, Dr. Darius Mukiza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1159.05030326

Corporate Social Responsibility by Kagera Sugar Limited: Missenyi Sugarcane Growers Reflection
type: item
description: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been touted as instrumental in addressing misunderstandings within organisations and as a key tool for building relationships. Various businesses invest more resources in CSR programmes for economic gain, including Kagera Sugar Limited (KSL). Precisely, this paper explored sugarcane growers’ perceptions of KSL's CSR activities, with a specific focus on Missenyi district. The study was grounded in Stakeholder and Social Capital Theories, and its findings aligned with the theories, especially in clarifying the company’s responsibility to return something to the community it serves. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to data collection, using surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. This resulted in a combination of qualitative and quantitative data from sugarcane growers across four Missenyi wards: Kassambya, Kyaka, Nsunga, and Mutukula. Also, the study used the same approach to collect data from 21 AMCOS members and 5 top management members. The findings revealed that although the company (KSL) has helped improve the economic and social lives of people in surrounding communities, it has failed to address environmental issues in the area fairly. Again, the other findings indicated that the inconsistency in ecological matters in Nsunga ward differed from what has been done in different places, where feedback was positive. This gap undermines the efforts CSR’s goodwill and trust are meant to foster in the community. However, many communities are pointing fingers at companies, urging them to rethink their business growth while truly addressing social, economic, and environmental sustainability strategies for the benefit of stakeholders. Therefore, the study concludes that the needs and interests of all stakeholders were not well considered. Thus, if KSL wants to gain stakeholders’ goodwill and trust, it needs to make its CSR activities clear.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corporate Social Responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Kagera Sugar Limited
  topic: keywords
subject: Stakeholder Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Sugarcane Growers
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust
  topic: keywords
creator: Catherine Frank Kemikimba
creator: Dr. Gidion Kamfipo Mwakitalu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Catherine Frank Kemikimba, Dr. Gidion Kamfipo Mwakitalu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 47
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1154.05021225

Audience Satisfaction Obtained from Listening to Religious Broadcasts of Radio Maria Tanzania
type: item
description: The study explored audience satisfaction with Radio Maria Tanzania's broadcasts in Dar es Salaam, focusing on four types of satisfaction: content, process, technological, and social. The research was conducted to assess how effectively the station's religious radio broadcasts meet audience needs. Uses and Gratifications Theory guides this assessment to determine whether these broadcasts fulfil the audience’s needs. The study aims to identify areas where audience expectations are not met, thereby filling gaps to improve radio performance and relevance. Although Radio Maria Tanzania emphasises its role of serving its audience, it was unclear to what extent its programs meet its audience’s needs. The study used a quantitative research design and collected data using a questionnaire distributed among radio audiences. Both probability (cluster) and non-probability (convenience and purposive) sampling techniques were used to select the study sample. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the audience's levels of satisfaction. The study found that 48.5% of the audience was satisfied with the content of the radio broadcasts, 33.4% were dissatisfied, and 18.1% were neutral. Content satisfaction was reflected in the perceived quality, relevance, and spiritual value of programs; on process satisfaction, findings revealed that 44.9% were satisfied, 33.1% dissatisfied and 22% were neutral with the ease of access and participation; technological satisfaction which is confined within the availability of clear signal and ease access of the channel showed that 44% were satisfied, 41.5% dissatisfied and 14.5% were neutral. Social satisfaction, as measured by opportunities for interaction through call-ins and shared testimonies, indicated that 40.1% were satisfied, 37.6% were dissatisfied, and 22.3% were neutral. Therefore, the study concludes that, among the four types of satisfaction studied, there is an interrelationship among them, and all contribute to the a…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Audience
  topic: keywords
subject: Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious
  topic: keywords
subject: Radio Broadcasts
  topic: keywords
creator: Selina Batholomeo Luhizo
creator: Dr. Francis Xavier Ng’atigwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Selina Batholomeo Luhizo, Dr. Francis Xavier Ng’atigwa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 38
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1155.05021225

Knowledge and Utilisation of the Freedom of Information Act Among Journalists in North-Central, Nigeria
type: item
description: The crux of the Freedom of Information Act, enacted in Nigeria in 2011, is to promote transparency and openness in governance by granting citizens, including journalists, open access to public information and records. Journalists are required to utilise the Act to perform their duties. But a significant observation since the enactment of the Act in Nigeria is the vagueness of its values among Nigerians, including media men, which raises questions about the Act's potency. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge, use, and challenges associated with the Freedom of Information Act among journalists in North-Central Nigeria, specifically in Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States. Guided by the libertarian theory of the press, the study employed a mixed-method approach, combining survey and in-depth interviews to gather data. The Findings of the study revealed that a good number of journalists across the three states under study are aware of the FOI Act and reasonably understand its provisions. Still, there is a generally low utilisation of the Act among them. It was also discovered that the majority of the journalists have never used the Act or invoked any of its provisions to seek information from a public institution. The low utilisation of the Act is attributed to difficulties in the application process, hectic bureaucratic and legal processes, safety concerns, and selfcensorship by some journalists. In conclusion, based on the study's outcomes, the gap between the Act's awareness and knowledge and its practical utilisation has affected the potency and effectiveness of the Act in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Information
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Act
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Utilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: North-Central
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Iliya Jeremiah Ovey
creator: Prof. Muhammad Sani Rabiu
creator: Asso. Prof. Tsegyu Santas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iliya Jeremiah Ovey, Prof. Muhammad Sani Rabiu, Asso. Prof. Tsegyu Santas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 30
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1153.05021225

Shifting News Habits: A Content Analysis of Digital News Consumption in India and Beyond
type: item
description: Digital news consumption in India is growing rapidly, making the country one of the world’s largest online news markets. This research critically examines evolving patterns of digital news consumption in India, exploring how Indian audiences are adapting to the digital news environment, why these shifts are significant for the sustainability of journalism, and how India’s experience aligns with or diverges from global trends. The study employs a qualitative content analysis methodology, systematically interpreting secondary data derived from two recent, comprehensive survey-based reports on digital news: the 'Monetizing Digital News: Digital News Publishing in India (2024)' and the 'Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2025'. Thematic coding and cross-comparative analysis reveal core behavioural trends among Indian audiences. These include a significant shift toward mobile-first engagement, substantial platform fragmentation, widespread adoption of short-form text and video formats, and continued trust in legacy media institutions. The study employs an analytical framework to gain a deeper understanding of both structural and behavioural changes. It organises findings by factors such as platform dependency, engagement formats, trust and credibility, consumption diversification, and how the industry generates revenue. When compared with global data, the research shows that Indian audiences are similar to international trends in their use of shortform content and influencer-driven consumption. However, they trust traditional media houses more than digital news aggregators. Focusing on India's rapidly evolving digital news landscape, this study fills crucial knowledge gaps by examining how the large demographic scale, swift technological adoption, and convergence between traditional and new media platforms impact the sector. It highlights how audience behaviour and industry challenges influence trends in trust, platform dependency, and financial sustainability. This s…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital News Consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Audience Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Fragmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Platform Dependency
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust and Misinformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Saheli Sen
creator: Dr. Abhishek Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Saheli Sen, Dr. Abhishek Das (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1148.05021225

Implementing Effective Communication Processes: Vital in Leading to Progression of Individuals
type: item
description: The main objective of this research paper is to acquire an efficient understanding of the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes. This is regarded as an integral part of individuals' lives. Individuals from the early childhood stage throughout their lives need to communicate with family and community members. This is essential for augmenting information and understanding across various subjects and concepts. Furthermore, help is obtained from others in providing solutions to multiple types of problems. Individuals need to ensure that they form positive viewpoints regarding various factors and individuals. Furthermore, they need to treat each other with respect and courtesy. Additionally, cultivating traits of efficiency, honesty, and truthfulness will facilitate success in all types of tasks and activities. In personal life, as well as in the pursuit of educational programs and various employment settings, individuals are required to communicate effectively with others. As a consequence, they will contribute effectively to achieving success in their lives. Therefore, it is widely understood that implementing effective communication processes is crucial to the advancement of individuals. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are understanding the meaning and significance of implementing effective communication processes, the measures to be implemented, and the advantages of effective communication processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Effective Communication Processes
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementing
  topic: keywords
subject: Individuals
  topic: keywords
subject: Information
  topic: keywords
subject: Mutual Understanding
  topic: keywords
subject: Personal
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional
  topic: keywords
subject: Up-gradation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Radhika Kapur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Radhika Kapur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 11
ending page: 16
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1151.05021225

Strategic Shifts and Narrative Engineering: The Role of Political Strategists in Shaping Public Opinion in Murshidabad, West Bengal
type: item
description: This research explores the transformation of political campaigning in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India, from ideological canvassing to digitally driven and strategist-led electoral narratives. As a region steeped in political history, Murshidabad offers a unique lens through which to examine how political strategists and communication tools are redefining voter behaviour and public opinion. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, incorporating field interviews with voters, journalists, and campaign workers, as well as analyses of campaign materials, including WhatsApp forwards, pamphlets, and social media content. Two key electoral events—the 2016 Assembly Election in Dumkal and the 2021 Assembly Election in Raghunathganj—serve as the primary case studies. Findings reveal that modern election strategies in Murshidabad hinge on hyperlocal welfare narratives, digital outreach, micro-influencer engagement, and real-time feedback loops. These strategies have significantly influenced first-time and young voters, contributing to a shift in loyalties from traditional parties to those offering tangible developmental outcomes. The research highlights the evolving role of political strategists, shifting from background advisors to central architects of public opinion. This study was conducted to understand how grassroots political traditions are being transformed by strategic communication. It contributes to the literature on political communication in rural India and raises questions on the ethical use of data and digital tools in democratic processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Political Strategists
  topic: keywords
subject: Murshidabad
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Opinion
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Campaigning
  topic: keywords
subject: Electoral Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Grassroots Politics
  topic: keywords
creator: Munmun Palbag
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Munmun Palbag (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 10
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1136.05021225

Communication Gap: Impediment within the Course of Forming an Effective Social Circle
type: item
description: From the stage of early childhood, throughout their lives, individuals need to understand that they cannot live their lives in seclusion and loneliness. Hence, it is of utmost significance for them to form an effective social circle, comprising family and community members. Apart from family, there are other individuals with whom one needs to communicate. For this purpose, individuals must implement effective communication processes. They need to treat each other with respect and courtesy, and provide factual information. Furthermore, there are certain instances that individuals experience, which can overwhelm them due to a communication gap. They either lack positive feelings or experience unpleasant situations with others. Hence, individuals must implement ways to promote a typical mindset. In some cases, individuals do not feel comfortable communicating with others, and as a result, they become overwhelmed by the communication gap. However, when a communication gap arises in individuals' personal and professional lives, they are unable to reinforce their connections with others effectively. When working with others in professional settings, one needs to emphasise the importance of overcoming the communication gap. In other words, it should prevent the creation of impediments during the implementation of tasks and activities. Therefore, it is well-understood that a communication gap impedes the formation of an effective social circle. The primary concepts examined in this research paper are the meaning and significance of the communication gap, measures to overcome it, and its associated disadvantages.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Communication Gap
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective
  topic: keywords
subject: Enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: Individuals
  topic: keywords
subject: Information
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Circle
  topic: keywords
subject: Up-gradation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Radhika Kapur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Radhika Kapur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.B1150.05021225

Communication for SDG 3: An Analysis of Strategies and Campaigns of Developmental Agencies in Jharkhand
type: item
description: Effective communication techniques are crucial for promoting health and well-being in developmental efforts aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3), particularly in challenging states like Jharkhand, India. This study examines the communication tactics employed by a few Jharkhand-based NGOs and agencies to achieve the goals of Sustainable Development Goal 3, and explores potential implementation issues. The study uses a mixed-method approach and descriptive research design to interview representatives of specific NGOs (Breakthrough, Ekjut, Nischay Foundation, ASHA, CINI, UNICEF) in-depth. Qualitative insights into communication tactics highlight prevalent behaviours, obstacles, and outcomes. The results show that NGOs employ a range of communication tactics, including edutainment, community engagement, and the utilisation of both traditional and digital media. Participation in the community is essential for promoting trust and changing behaviour. Language differences, geographical restrictions, poor infrastructure, and cultural traditions that obstruct health education are among the top challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development Goal
  topic: keywords
subject: NGOs
  topic: keywords
subject: Jharkhand
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Campaigns
  topic: keywords
creator: Shreya Sinni
creator: Dr. Rashmi Verma
creator: Dr. Rajesh Kumar
creator: Sameera Bhoi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shreya Sinni, Dr. Rashmi Verma, Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Sameera Bhoi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 35
ending page: 42
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.A1141.05010925

Revisiting a Controversial Cartoon: Aseem Trivedi’s ‘Wolf Capital’
type: item
description: This article is a close reading of a controversial political cartoon drawn by cartoonist Aseem Trivedi. It examines how the cartoon texts construct a discourse of resistance and also connect to other optical metaphors within the repertoire of Indian political and cultural sign systems. This critical reading reveals that cartoons are not only a communicative event but also a vehicle of collective memory.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cartoons
  topic: keywords
subject: Collective Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Cartoon Controversy
  topic: keywords
subject: Satire
  topic: keywords
creator: Lakshmi Prabha P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lakshmi Prabha P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 32
ending page: 34
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.A1139.05010925

Cybercrime en Masse in the Digital India: A Case Study
type: item
description: Cyberspace is essentially a digital universe where people establish their online identities, and it has been expanding rapidly in recent years, mainly due to the widespread adoption of the internet and the rise of smartphones. What began as basic online activities, such as emailing and web surfing, has now grown to influence nearly every aspect of our daily lives, including how we communicate, bank, travel, and shop. The increase in smartphone usage has made the internet more accessible, leading to greater independence, new economic opportunities, and societal shifts. Government programs, such as the Jan Dhan Yojana, and the emergence of digital payment systems following demonetization have further advanced India’s journey toward a digital economy. However, this digital shift also brings with it a heightened risk of cybercrimes, especially since many users aren’t well-versed in technology. States such as Karnataka and Jharkhand have reported an increase in cyber offences, underscoring the pressing need for enhanced cybersecurity measures and improved digital literacy. This paper examines the growth of cyberspace, its societal implications, and the challenges we face in ensuring secure digital participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cyberspace
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Smartphone Usage
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybercrime
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Siddhant Chandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Siddhant Chandra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.A1140.05010925

Deconstructing Gender Stereotypes in Media: The Transformative Power of Media Literacy
type: item
description: The stereotypical perception of certain groups or communities has emerged as one of the most serious challenges in our multicultural, globalized society. While globalization has facilitated new economic opportunities and the free flow of resources, technology, ideas, and culture, market-driven consumerism has, on the other hand, narrowed human perspectives by promoting stereotypical projections and perceptions. This poses a significant obstacle to the development of a truly interconnected and inclusive multicultural world. The increasing stereotypical portrayal of men and women by the media remains a critical concern for society, and current trends suggest that such portrayals will persist in the long run. This article is a modest attempt to highlight the various gender stereotypes perpetuated by the media and explore the potential of media literacy in countering these stereotypes. Grounded in a qualitative approach, this study employs a Narrative Literature Review as its research method. The review synthesizes existing literature from multiple research databases, including JSTOR, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, and CORE.uk, offering a thorough, critical, and objective analysis of the topic. On the one hand, the study provides a comprehensive examination of the portrayal of gender stereotypes across various media platforms; on the other hand, it investigates the transformative potential of media literacy in challenging and counteracting these biased and stereotypical narratives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Stereotypes
  topic: keywords
subject: Narrative Literature Review
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Consumers
  topic: keywords
subject: Content Creators
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Portrayal
  topic: keywords
creator: Sameera Bhoi
creator: Dr. Rajesh Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sameera Bhoi, Dr. Rajesh Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.A1137.05010925

The Stakeholders’ Views on the Media Authority Act 2013 on Freedom of Expression in South Sudan
type: item
description: This study critically explores stakeholders’ perceptions of the Media Authority Act 2013 and its influence on the state of freedom of expression in South Sudan. Despite constitutional and legal provisions that ostensibly protect media rights, concerns persist regarding the actual realisation of these freedoms in practice. The research was conducted to investigate the impact of the Media Authority Act on journalistic practices, regulatory autonomy, and public discourse, with a particular focus on how legal frameworks either promote or hinder freedom of expression. This study addresses a pressing issue in South Sudan’s democratic development, where media freedom is often caught between state control and civil society’s demand for openness and accountability. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating qualitative data from 25 semi-structured interviews with journalists, civil society actors, media regulators, and government representatives, as well as quantitative data from surveys administered to 80 media practitioners across Juba, Wau, and Malakal. The analysis was guided by theories of media regulation and freedom of expression, particularly drawing from liberal democratic and critical legal theory. Findings reveal that while the Media Authority Act 2013 is framed as a regulatory mechanism to ensure professionalism and accountability in media operations, its implementation is often marred by political interference, vague legislative language, and inconsistent enforcement. Stakeholders reported a general lack of institutional independence, widespread fear of censorship, and restrictions on critical reporting, particularly on political and security issues. These challenges have led to self-censorship among journalists, limiting the media’s ability to serve as a watchdog of government activity. This study concludes that although the Media Authority Act has the potential to support a more structured media environment, its current application undermines the ver…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media Authority Act
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom of Expression
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: Media Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Stakeholder Perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Censorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Democratic Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Gai Peter Manyuon
creator: Dr. Darius Mukiza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gai Peter Manyuon, Dr. Darius Mukiza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 8
ending page: 16
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1132.05010925

Imagining the Invisible: Menstrual Representations in Indian Television Advertising
type: item
description: This study examines the visual and thematic representation of menstruation in Indian sanitary napkin advertisements on television, broadcast between 2006 and 2024. With menstruation often treated as a cultural taboo in India, media representations—especially advertisements—play a crucial role in shaping public discourse and social attitudes. The research aims to explore how menstrual issues, myths, and realities are represented through symbolic imagery and narrative strategies in these ads. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analysed 35 advertisements from Kannada and Hindi television channels. Quantitative analysis identifiesrecurring themes, emotional tones, and visual motifs, while qualitative content analysis and semiotic tools decode the underlying cultural and ideological messages. The research is anchored in feminist media theory and semiotics, drawing particularly on the works of Laura Mulvey, Judith Butler, and Roland Barthes to critique gendered messaging and mythmaking. The findingsreveal a dominant narrative pattern wherein menstruation is initially problematized—associated with shame, discomfort, or restriction—and then resolved through the sanitary product, which is portrayed as a liberating, empowering solution. While earlier ads relied heavily on euphemisms and sanitized imagery, recent advertisements show incremental shifts toward realism, including the use of red liquid and the depiction of stains. However, these gesturestoward destigmatisation often coexist with commercial imperatives that commodify empowerment and reinforce normative femininity. The study highlights the need for more inclusive and truthful representations that transcend symbolic performances to foster menstrual literacy, challenge taboos, and promote bodily autonomy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Menstruation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sanitary Napkin Advertisements
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminist Media Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Television Ads
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Geetha A J
creator: Sanrita J Madtha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Geetha A J, Sanrita J Madtha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1133.05010925

Judicial Discretion and the Death Penalty: Revisiting Bachan Singh in the Context of India and the U.S.
type: item
description: Judicial discretion in death penalty adjudication is inextricably linked with constitutional mandates, moral challenges, and international human rights norms. This study aims to undertake a critical analysis of the path of such discretion in the Indian legal tradition, particularly in the context of the jurisprudential shift indicated by Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980), which articulated the "rarest of rare" doctrine as a bulwark against arbitrary capital punishment. While the said judgment sought to establish principled checks, subsequent judicial perceptions have revealed contradictions, demonstrating the continuity of tension between normative principles and real adjudication. Employing a doctrinal research methodology, the study examines the theoretical underpinnings and functional efficacy of the Bachan Singh model. It supplements it with an empirical review of trial court sentencing practices. It also identifies procedural deficits that impede the doctrine's consistent application, such as incoherent sentencing and neglecting to consider extenuating factors appropriately. Moreover, with a comparative analysis of the capital sentencing system in the United States characterized by statutory limitations and jury participation—the study draws implications regarding the mechanisms through which controlled discretion can enhance transparency and reduce arbitrariness This paper finally calls for reviewing India's sentencing policy to include greater judicial accountability, implementation consistency, and compatibility with prevailing human rights standards. This paper contends that reforms are necessary to preserve the constitutional doctrine of substantive due process in capital cases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bachan Singh
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Criminal Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Death Penalty Jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial Discretion
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Priyadarshini
creator: Sridevi S
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Monika Priyadarshini, Sridevi S (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 30
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1127.04040625

Evaluating the Impact of Fake News on Intolerance Among Socio-Economic Classes 3 & 4
type: item
description: The proliferation of fake news in the social media era has significant consequences for individuals, society, and democratic processes. Research has highlighted the detrimental effects of fake news on various aspects of society, including public opinion, political discourse, and individual decisionmaking. One consequence of fake news is the erosion of public trust in media and institutions. The finding reveals that fake news spreads much faster than credible information. This is a dangerous finding because, at best, fake news can spread false hope, and at worst, it can flare hatred and incite violence. A total of 100 cases of violations of religious hate speech were identified from the media studied in this research between 2022 and 2023. Regarding the religion involved in the cases, the Islamic denomination was predominant (32%), followed by Hindus (28%) and Catholicism (20%). Hate speech and incitement to violence were the most common topics (30%), although acts of discrimination and rejection (26%) and material damage or attacks on places of worship (19%) were also reported. The finding suggests that higher education students do not want to send fake news when they broadcast information. The finding also reveals that higher education students belong to many groups, and this does not affect the number of fake news stories because students conduct advanced research on the news and verify if it has a reliable source. Findings suggest that fake news and disinformation can subtly influence emotions and attitudes, potentially leading to behavioural consequences. The findings of the studies show that economic inequality is a potent enhancer of intolerance, inducing the escalation of out-group discrimination even without the presence of new intolerant mutants. Tolerance is positively associated with national-level economic prosperity, and this relationship is stronger for higher-income earners than for those with lower incomes. Individuals with job market insecurity and …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social media
  topic: keywords
subject: individuals
  topic: keywords
subject: society
  topic: keywords
subject: public opinion
  topic: keywords
subject: political discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Hate speech
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Krishna Mohan Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Krishna Mohan Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 25
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1126.04040625

Echo Chambers and Polarization: The Role of Social Networks in Shaping Beliefs in India
type: item
description: The rise of social networks has significantly influenced public discourse, contributing to the formation of echo chambers that reinforce ideological divisions. This study examines the role of social networks in shaping political and social beliefs in India. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this research integrates quantitative surveys with qualitative discourse analysis to assess the extent of polarization. Agendasetting theory and social identity theory provide the theoretical foundation for understanding how online communities amplify biases. The findings highlight how algorithmic curation, selective exposure, and group identity reinforce beliefs. The study proposes policy interventions to mitigate Polarization while fostering inclusive dialogue.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Echo Chambers
  topic: keywords
subject: Polarization
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Belief Formation
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumana Mitra
creator: Prof. (Dr.) Abhishek Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sumana Mitra, Prof. (Dr.) Abhishek Das (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 20
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.D1121.04040625

Role of ‘Unexplored Bastar’ in Strengthening the Socioeconomic Status of Tribal Communities: A Case Study Approach
type: item
description: A tribal community, an indigenous or aboriginal group, consists of people with common ancestry, cultural heritage, and often traditional lifestyles. These communities are distinguished by their unique social, linguistic, and cultural practices, setting them apart from mainstream society. Tribes typically have social structures, governance, and belief systems passed down through generations. In India, the socioeconomic status of tribal communities is influenced by historical marginalisation, geographic isolation, and contemporary challenges. These groups have historically faced discrimination, forced displacement, and exploitation, leading to a persistent socioeconomic gap. Their struggles are exacerbated by limited access to quality education, inadequate healthcare, and scarce employment opportunities. Traditional livelihoods, often tied to agriculture and forest-based activities, are becoming increasingly unsustainable due to environmental changes and modernisation. Unexplored Bastar is a travel startup based on a social entrepreneurship model in Bastar, Chhattisgarh. It focuses on sustainable tourism through a community-based approach, promoting the natural and historical sites of Bastar, as well as its rich tribal culture, both within India and internationally. Currently, Unexplored Bastar positively impacts the lives of over 200 tribal youth in Bastar. APS has trained around 240 local tribal individuals in the tourism and hospitality sector to improve their employment prospects, including hosting tourists in their homes, serving as local guides, and selling handicrafts to visitors. These local communities are the primary service providers for Unexplored Bastar, which implements various grassroots innovations. They organize themselves into Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Chitrakote, Tirtha, Dantewada, Palnaar, Phoolpad, Dholkal, and Barsoor. Consequently, Unexplored Bastar has created numerous sustainable employment opportunities for local tribal youth. This research …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tribal Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Unexplored Bastar
  topic: keywords
subject: Eco-Tourism
  topic: keywords
creator: Rajkumar Das
creator: Vivek Nema
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rajkumar Das, Vivek Nema (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 16
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1167.04040625

Framing of Environmental News through Constructive Journalism in the Indian Context
type: item
description: Mainstream media often deem environmental news non-newsworthy owing to the lack of audience interest. This could be attributed to the lackadaisical treatment that environmental issues receive, which either presents these in an esoteric manner beyond audience comprehension or through non-engaging coverage to keep up with the bandwagon. The internet access boom has helped environmental groups and non-government organisations present and advocate for various environmental issues, including climate change. It would hold great significance for environmental communication research to study how these issues are being explored and the real-time impact and mobilisation of the audience. Constructive journalism is a growing field that addresses various social issues, including environmental concerns, through the lens of positive psychology and solution-based approaches. Its proliferation across new media platforms makes the scope of studying environmental issues more extensive. This study employs frame analysis to examine the frames employed in constructive environmental stories by media platforms, including The Better India and Mongabay India. A total of 285 stories between 2021 and 2022 were analysed using Nambiar’s typology of environmental frames, and it was found that constructive news elements in environmental stories may do well towards raising environmental consciousness among the audience and call to action.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Constructive Journalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Journalism
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subject: New Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Positive Psychology
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subject: Solutions
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creator: Lekshmi Priya Sanal
creator: Prof. I Arul Aram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lekshmi Priya Sanal, Prof. I Arul Aram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 4
ending page: 9
doi: 10.54105/ijmcj.C1120.04040625